National Hispanic Heritage Month honors the cultures, histories and contributions of Americans whose ancestors come from Spain, Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. Held from September 15 to October 15, it is the nation’s annual celebration of the rich and diverse histories, people and traditions that have shaped our country.
As the population grows in the United States, more and more people of Hispanic origin have come to call the nation home. Historically, Hispanics have made significant contributions to the United States in all fields of endeavor, including science, business, literature, and the arts. In fact, more than one-fourth of the population identifies as Hispanic or Latino. And today, more than ever, Hispanics are a vital part of American life.
Hispanic Heritage Month was first established in 1968 by President Lyndon B. Johnson, and then expanded by President Ronald Reagan to a month-long observance in 1988. It falls on the anniversary of the independence of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua (September 15) and Mexico (September 16).
During Hispanic Heritage Month, the National Park Service celebrates Hispanic and Latino history at all of its parks and programs nationwide. Our Hispanic heritage is diverse, and so are our communities. People from Latin America, Spain and the Caribbean have contributed to all aspects of our national culture. The many Hispanic and Latino communities across the country reflect the wide range of backgrounds and experiences that make up the United States.
Because of this diversity, there is no one descriptor that can capture the richness of the communities, histories and contributions of all Hispanic and Latino Americans. However, there are several terms that have been used over the years to help bring these communities together. Today, the most commonly used term is Hispanic, followed by Latina and Latino (both gender-neutral), as well as the non-gendered terms, Latine and Latinx.
These words may change over time, but it is important to remember that they all represent the same thing: a shared history and identity. They are a way for people to come together in common culture and activism. Communities have used these terms to create a sense of belonging, and they are an important way for us to learn from the past.
The National Park Service invites you to learn more about the diversity of Hispanic and Latino history in our parks by exploring the resources below. Also, we encourage you to visit the NEH-funded documentary series, Latino Americans, which explores the broad and enduring impact that the people of Hispanic origin have had on our nation. It is available on YouTube and at the Smithsonian Institution.